Governments should more systematically integrate concerns about waste management and resource flows into their trade strategies, not only for sustainability but also for economic opportunity or necessity. This effort begins with quantifying the potential economic gains of CE, a thorough understanding of vulnerability and potential for CE in a country’s strategically important industries, and open communication between the public and private sectors, as well as with global trading partners. In these ways, CE can realise its potential not only in sustainability but also as a platform for collaboration and even diplomacy.

https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/circular-economy-and-global-economic-retrenchment

Sharma, S. and Hartley, K. (2025). “Circular Economy and Global Economic Retrenchment.” Observer Research Foundation (India), 25 Nov.